| MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS | MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS |
| a) Diabetic Retinopathy: affect the peripheral retina, the macula, or both and is a leading cause of visual disability and blindness in people with diabetes | a) CVD (70%) diseases 5-fold-greater risk for a myocardial infarction (MI) |
| b) Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic neuropathy, manifested as abnormal heart rate (HR) and vascular control), Damage to PNS→ affect lower-extremity sensation and can cause lower-extremity pain in people with diabetes. | b) Cerebrovascular diseases 2- to 4-fold increased risk of stroke in people with diabetes |
| c) Diabetic nephropathy: Microalbuminuria, progresses to Severe albuminuria and eventually to End stage renal disease | c) Peripheral artery disease Peripheral artery disease is characterized by occlusion of the lower-extremity arteries, which can cause intermittent claudication and pain, especially upon exercise and activity→ can result in functional impairments and disability→ ↑ foot ulceration and lower-extremity amputation |
Footnote: Microalbuminuria is a urinary albumin excretion rate more than 20
micrograms/min
Management: ACEi or ARB
